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seconds we just discussed that the

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sensory information arrives at the back

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of your head

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at about 200 milliseconds it arrives in

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the front of your head

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when you pers when it hit the back of

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your head you had a perceptual detection

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but you didn't know what it was you

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perceived

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at 200 milliseconds when it hits the

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frontal lobe this corresponds with

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awareness

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you're aware that you perceived

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something but you don't know what it was

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because you still can't differentiate

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that perception from another perception

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it takes

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another 100 milliseconds for that to

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occur and phase lock gamma activity

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actually bursts um

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in the

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180 and about 230 milliseconds

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but only in a cognitive task it doesn't

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just

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pop any old time it only happens when

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there's a relevant

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task

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and this phase lock gamma

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ends up being seen over the posterior

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temporal cortex with respect to the

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frontal areas as well again at about 200

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milliseconds and you'll see that all of

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these statements have references and if

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anyone wants the powerpoint presentation

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email me and i'll be more than happy to

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send it to you and it's got

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two pages of references and fairly small

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font at the end don't try and copy them

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down

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the p300 is the 300 millisecond

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occurrence back in the back of the head

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so 100 milliseconds is perception

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200 milliseconds is awareness 300

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milliseconds is now the ability to

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differentiate two stimuli one from the

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other

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but you're still not consciously aware

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of what it is you've now differentiated

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it we can get p300s out of coma patients

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i work with a very large group

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called the international brain research

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foundation

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we we do coma recovery work

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and

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just did a very nice study we woke up

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27 out of 33 people that were in coma

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but to get into the study they had to be

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in a coma for over a year with a glasgow

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coma scale of less than eight which

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basically means bye-bye

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it's a grave prognosis as they say in

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medicine the next stop is going to be in

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the grave

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but this uh this group basically woke up

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very effectively using our approach so

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we're well aware that you can get these

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wave shapes out of people that are in a

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coma

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it's a good prognosis if you see it

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if you don't see this this response in a

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coma it's not a bad prognosis but seeing

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it is is a very good sign

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so this this 100 200 300 millisecond

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cycle of perception

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is only

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really one frame in the construction of

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a conscious awareness perception

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again by 300 milliseconds you're

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differentiating but you're not

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consciously aware

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because you haven't got what it takes to

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have consciousness yet

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and

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basically we identified in in neurology

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that if you pair two stimuli

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that when the second pair of the stimuli

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ends up differing

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you can end up seeing an enhancement of

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the event-related potential and this is

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called a mismatch negativity for you

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any of you who are looking to the

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literature

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but it's a linearly

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related to attention

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let's take a quick look at some data

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what we have here is a normal person a

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high functioning middle functioning and

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low functioning add

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case

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and what we have here is a go no go test

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where they've they receive

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paired stimuli and with one stimulus

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priming and the second stimulus and

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during that paradigm

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when they receive a stimulus that tells

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them they shouldn't respond you get a

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different wave shape than when they

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receive a stimulus that indicates they

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should respond the difference between

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those two is linearly related to your

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attentional skills

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you can see that they use the same basic

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neural network it's not that add is

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using the temporal lobe instead of the

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frontal lobe to try and

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regulate attention

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but literally the difference between the

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green wave and the red wave here the

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green is go the red is stop

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you know standard color conventions and

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the little black line here ends up being

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the difference wave and

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the difference wave here ends up

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dropping and dropping and dropping so

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mismatch negativity is is a linearly

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related uh phenomenon to attention and

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here the the 80d people were classified

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as high middle and low 80d based on

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their continuous performance uh test

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results not not based on somebody's

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subjective assessment of their their

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work or

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essentially

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i mentioned this already you generate

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the erp

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morphology by phase locking uh theta and

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and alpha and this uh time series

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represents the interaction between

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episodic

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in a conscious person

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you compare your recent

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past experience

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continuously with your current

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perception

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and your first event related potential

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lays down a memory trace

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that your next perception then compares

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it against and unless you have this

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first memory trace to compare your

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ongoing perception with you don't have

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conscious awareness

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literally consciousness according to

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edelman in 2001 is the remembered

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present

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now if your semantic non-sequitur

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detector went off based on that tense

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shift uh perhaps uh it's an indication

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that consciousness exists at

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9 40 in the morning here so

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but the implication here is that

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consciousness literally takes two cycles

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one to lay down a memory trace and the

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other one to compare against it until

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you have that uh double cycle you don't

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have conscious awareness the second

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cycle

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these are essentially 300 millisecond

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cycles

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but conscious awareness in libid's work

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out of san francisco in 1979 indicated

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that conscious awareness takes about 500

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milliseconds now if you do the math in

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your head you'll say well jay

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goodness 300 plus 300 is 600 not 500

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your theory can't possibly be correct

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it's 100 milliseconds off well not

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exactly

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remember the first time it got to the

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frontal lobe was awareness the second

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time it gets to the frontal lobe is

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conscious awareness and it only takes

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200 milliseconds to get to the frontal

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lobe so the first cycle took 300

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milliseconds to lay down the memory

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substrate the second cycle only took 200

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milliseconds to get to the frontal lobe

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and that's when conscious awareness

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occurs so the math even works out very

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nicely

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and when the math works you got to

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wonder you know